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The Tallinn Tram network (''Trammiliiklus Tallinnas'') is the only tram network in Estonia. Together with the nine-route Trolleybus network, the four tram lines (currently allocated into five routes), with a total length of 39 km (24 miles) arranged in a roughly cruciform pattern, provide a robust backbone for the public transport network in the Estonian capital. All the routes meet up at Hobujaama in the city centre. The network is operated by Tatra KT4 and KTNF6 types. The latter are former KT4s that have been extended with the addition of a low-floor middle-car. The trams, trolleybuses and motor buses in Tallinn are operated by the transport operator Tallinna Linnatranspordi AS. This enterprise emerged on 19 July 2012 when ''Tallinna Autobussikoondis'', the motor-bus company was merged with ''Tallinna Trammi- ja Trollibussikoondis''. ==History== The first tramline in the city, which at that time and until 1917 was known as Reval, was opened in 1888. Traction was provided by horses. The network was built using a 3 ft 6 in gauge, and it operated on the principal streets crossing the city, Narva Street, Pärnu Street and Tartu Street (''Narva maantee, Pärnu maantee & Tartu maantee''), using carriages imported from Belgium. By 1902 the total length of the lines in operation was 7.24 km (4.5 miles).〔 In 1915 two local companies, the Russian-Baltic Shipyard and AS Böckler and Co., constructed as steam tramway in order to transport workers from the city centre to its factory at the city's Kopli quarter. This used a single track broad gauge line, which made it suitable for also transporting heavy cargo to the harbour. The gauge used corresponded with the standard Russian gauge, and the passenger carriages used were of Russian provenance, purchased secondhand from Saint Petersburg. The steam engines were later, progressively, replaced with internal combustion units.〔 During the First World War, in 1918, the horse-drawn trams ceased operation, leaving just the steam tramcars to Kopli running. The 1920 Treaty of Tartu signaled Soviet acceptance of Estonian independence and on 13 May 1921 the rest of the Tallinn tram network reopened. The horses remained in retirement, however, as all the tramcars were now modified to use petrol/gasoline engines.〔 On 28 October 1925 electric trams were introduced, initially on the line along Narva Street. A 600volt DC power supply was used. Six years later the broad gauge track on the route to Kopli was replaced with 3 ft 6 in gauge, which was now standard across the network. After this the line, which hitherto had been operated by a combination of steam and petrol powered trams, used only petrol powered trams.〔 By 1940 the city tram network extended to 13.4 km (8 miles) including the 5.1 stretch of former steam tram track to Kopli. However, the return of war in 1939 and the savage conflict that followed the annexation of Estonia by the Soviet Union in 1940 put a stop to further development of the city's tram network. After the war economic growth returned only slowly to the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, but in 1951 the single track line between the city centre and Kopli was doubled up to create a conventional two-way tram line, and in 1953 it was linked up with the rest of the network. 1954 saw the completion of a three-year project to build the tram, depot at Vana-Lõuna, and a year after that the stretch in Tartu Street was extended to Ülemiste. Various further local developments followed.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Trams in Tallinn」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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